Adjustment mechanism for tissue transducer

ABSTRACT

A headset includes a tissue transducer on a carriage that translates along a temple portion of the headset. The carriage is configured to contact the helix root of a user&#39;s ear. The helix root provides a reference point, and when the carriage is contact with the helix root, the tissue transducer is configured to be located in a target area. By maintaining a fixed location of the tissue transducer relative to the helix root of the user&#39;s ear, the tissue transducer may be accurately positioned, even for users with different head shapes and sizes.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. application Ser.No. 16/591,984, filed Oct. 3, 2019, which is incorporated by referencein its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This disclosure relates generally to artificial reality systems, andmore specifically to audio transducers for headsets.

BACKGROUND

Headsets that present audio content to a user, such as artificialreality headsets (including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality(AR), and mixed reality (MR)), present sound using acoustic transducers.Conventionally, acoustic transducers are generally at fixed locations onheadsets despite users having different head shapes, head sizes, etc.Accordingly, variations in relative location of the acoustic transducerbetween different users and/or a same user wearing the headset atdifferent time (but in a different position) can prevent users fromhaving a consistent audio experience.

SUMMARY

A headset includes an audio transducer on a carriage that translatesalong a temple portion of the headset. The carriage is configured tocontact a helix root of a user's ear. The helix root provides areference point, and when the carriage is in contact with the helixroot, the audio transducer is configured to be located in a target area.

In some embodiments, the headset includes at least one spring thatbiases the carriage in a rearward direction. When a user places theheadset on the user's head, the carriage engages the helix root of theuser's ear. As the user moves the headset in a rearward direction (e.g.,moves the front portion of the headset towards the user's eyes andnose), the contact force from the helix root applied to the carriageovercomes the spring force biasing the carriage and causes the carriageto translate in a forward direction along the temple portion of theheadset. The spring force keeps the carriage in contact with the helixroot.

In some embodiments, the headset includes a motor that drives thecarriage along the temple of the headset. After placing the headset on auser's head, the user may instruct the carriage to translate in arearward direction. The carriage may translate in a rearward positionuntil the carriage contacts the helix root of the user.

In some embodiments, an adjustable transducer assembly comprises atissue transducer configured to provide audio content to a user of aheadset. The adjustable transducer assembly may further comprise acarriage configured to translate along the temple. The carriage may becoupled to the tissue transducer and include an indexing feature. Theindexing feature translates with the carriage along the temple such thatthe indexing feature is positioned against a helix root of an ear of theuser and the tissue transducer is positioned to provide the audiocontent via tissue conduction to a target area.

In some embodiments, a headset comprises a frame including a temple. Theheadset includes an adjustable transducer assembly coupled to thetemplate. The adjustable transducer assembly comprises a tissuetransducer configured to provide audio content to a user of a headsetand a carriage configured to translate along a temple of the headset.The carriage is coupled to the tissue transducer and includes anindexing feature, wherein the indexing feature translates with thecarriage along the temple such that the indexing feature is positionedagainst a helix root of an ear of the user and the tissue transducer ispositioned to provide the audio content via tissue conduction to atarget area.

In some embodiments, a headset comprises a frame including a temple, acarriage configured to translate along the temple, and a cartilageconduction transducer coupled to the carriage. The cartilage conductiontransducer may be configured contact a tragus of a user.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a headset implemented as an eyeweardevice, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 2A is a side view of a headset with an adjustable transducerassembly in a rearward position, in accordance with one or moreembodiments

FIG. 2B is a side view of the headset of FIG. 2A in an operatingposition on the user's head.

FIG. 2C illustrates a side view of the headset of FIG. 2A in theoperating position with the transducer configured for bone conduction ata condyle location.

FIG. 3A illustrates a side view of a headset with an adjustabletransducer assembly having a transducer located within a carriage and ina rearward position, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 3B is a side view of the headset of FIG. 3A in an operatingposition on the user's head.

FIG. 3C illustrates a side view of the headset of FIG. 3A in theoperating position with the transducer configured for bone conduction.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an audio system, in accordance with one ormore embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a process for presenting audiocontent using an adjustable transducer assembly, in accordance with oneor more embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a system that includes a headset, in accordance with one ormore embodiments.

The figures depict various embodiments for purposes of illustrationonly. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the followingdiscussion that alternative embodiments of the structures and methodsillustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principlesdescribed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A headset includes an audio transducer on a carriage that translatesalong a temple portion of the headset. The carriage is configured tocontact a helix root of a user's ear. The helix root provides areference point, and when the carriage is contact with the helix root,the audio transducer is configured to be located in a target area. Forsome audio transducers, such as a cartilage conduction transducerconfigured to contact the tragus of a user's ear, even small differencesin positioning of the audio transducer may result in substantial loss inthe sound provided to the user by the audio transducer. However, bymaintaining a fixed location of the audio transducer relative to thehelix root of the user's ear (such as positioning the audio transducerin contact with the tragus), as opposed to relative to a location on theheadset, the audio transducer may be accurately positioned, even forusers with different head shapes and sizes.

In some embodiments, the headset includes a spring that biases thecarriage in a rearward direction. When a user places the headset on theuser's head, the carriage engages the helix root of the user's ear. Asthe user moves the headset in a rearward direction (e.g., moves thefront portion of the headset towards the user's eyes and nose), thecontact force from the helix root applied to the carriage overcomes thespring force biasing the carriage and causes the carriage to translatein a forward direction along the temple portion of the headset. Thespring force keeps the carriage in contact with the helix root.

In some embodiments, the headset includes a motor that drives thecarriage along the temple of the headset. After placing the headset on auser's head, the user may instruct the carriage to translate in arearward direction. The carriage may translate in a rearward directionuntil the carriage contacts the helix root of the user. The user mayinstruct the carriage to stop translating, or the headset may detectthat the carriage has contacted the helix root of the user, and themotor may stop driving the carriage rearward.

Embodiments of the invention may include or be implemented inconjunction with an artificial reality system. Artificial reality is aform of reality that has been adjusted in some manner beforepresentation to a user, which may include, e.g., a virtual reality (VR),an augmented reality (AR), a mixed reality (MR), a hybrid reality, orsome combination and/or derivatives thereof. Artificial reality contentmay include completely generated content or generated content combinedwith captured (e.g., real-world) content. The artificial reality contentmay include video, audio, haptic feedback, or some combination thereof,any of which may be presented in a single channel or in multiplechannels (such as stereo video that produces a three-dimensional effectto the viewer). Additionally, in some embodiments, artificial realitymay also be associated with applications, products, accessories,services, or some combination thereof, that are used to create contentin an artificial reality and/or are otherwise used in an artificialreality. The artificial reality system that provides the artificialreality content may be implemented on various platforms, including awearable device (e.g., headset) connected to a host computer system, astandalone wearable device (e.g., headset), a mobile device or computingsystem, or any other hardware platform capable of providing artificialreality content to one or more viewers.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a headset 100 implemented as an eyeweardevice, in accordance with one or more embodiments. In some embodiments,the eyewear device is a near eye display (NED). In general, the headset100 may be worn on the face of a user such that content (e.g., mediacontent) is presented using a display assembly and/or an audio system.However, the headset 100 may also be used such that media content ispresented to a user in a different manner. Examples of media contentpresented by the headset 100 include one or more images, video, audio,or some combination thereof. The headset 100 includes a frame 110, andmay include, among other components, a display assembly including one ormore display elements 120, a depth camera assembly (DCA), an audiosystem, and a position sensor 190. While FIG. 1 illustrates thecomponents of the headset 100 in example locations on the headset 100,the components may be located elsewhere on the headset 100, on aperipheral device paired with the headset 100, or some combinationthereof. Similarly, there may be more or fewer components on the headset100 than what is shown in FIG. 1 .

The frame 110 holds the other components of the headset 100. The frame110 includes a front part that holds the one or more display elements120 and end pieces (e.g., temples) to attach to a head of the user. Thefront part of the frame 110 bridges the top of a nose of the user. Ahinged end of the temples (also referred to as a forward end) connectsthe temples to the front part of the frame 110. The temples may alsoinclude a portion that curls behind the ear of the user (also referredto as a curved end or rear end).

The one or more display elements 120 provide light to a user wearing theheadset 100. As illustrated the headset includes a display element 120for each eye of a user. In some embodiments, a display element 120generates image light that is provided to an eyebox of the headset 100.The eyebox is a location in space that an eye of user occupies whilewearing the headset 100. For example, a display element 120 may be awaveguide display. A waveguide display includes a light source (e.g., atwo-dimensional source, one or more line sources, one or more pointsources, etc.) and one or more waveguides. Light from the light sourceis in-coupled into the one or more waveguides which outputs the light ina manner such that there is pupil replication in an eyebox of theheadset 100. In-coupling and/or outcoupling of light from the one ormore waveguides may be done using one or more diffraction gratings. Insome embodiments, the waveguide display includes a scanning element(e.g., waveguide, mirror, etc.) that scans light from the light sourceas it is in-coupled into the one or more waveguides. Note that in someembodiments, one or both of the display elements 120 are opaque and donot transmit light from a local area around the headset 100. The localarea is the area surrounding the headset 100. For example, the localarea may be a room that a user wearing the headset 100 is inside, or theuser wearing the headset 100 may be outside and the local area is anoutside area. In this context, the headset 100 generates VR content.Alternatively, in some embodiments, one or both of the display elements120 are at least partially transparent, such that light from the localarea may be combined with light from the one or more display elements toproduce AR and/or MR content.

In some embodiments, a display element 120 does not generate imagelight, and instead is a lens that transmits light from the local area tothe eyebox. For example, one or both of the display elements 120 may bea lens without correction (non-prescription) or a prescription lens(e.g., single vision, bifocal and trifocal, or progressive) to helpcorrect for defects in a user's eyesight. In some embodiments, thedisplay element 120 may be polarized and/or tinted to protect the user'seyes from the sun.

Note that in some embodiments, the display element 120 may include anadditional optics block (not shown). The optics block may include one ormore optical elements (e.g., lens, Fresnel lens, etc.) that direct lightfrom the display element 120 to the eyebox. The optics block may, e.g.,correct for aberrations in some or all of the image content, magnifysome or all of the image, or some combination thereof.

The DCA determines depth information for a portion of a local areasurrounding the headset 100. The DCA includes one or more imagingdevices 130 and a DCA controller (not shown in FIG. 1 ), and may alsoinclude an illuminator 140. In some embodiments, the illuminator 140illuminates a portion of the local area with light. The light may be,e.g., structured light (e.g., dot pattern, bars, etc.) in the infrared(IR), IR flash for time-of-flight, etc. In some embodiments, the one ormore imaging devices 130 capture images of the portion of the local areathat include the light from the illuminator 140. As illustrated, FIG. 1shows a single illuminator 140 and two imaging devices 130. In alternateembodiments, there is no illuminator 140 and at least two imagingdevices 130.

The DCA controller computes depth information for the portion of thelocal area using the captured images and one or more depth determinationtechniques. The depth determination technique may be, e.g., directtime-of-flight (ToF) depth sensing, indirect ToF depth sensing,structured light, passive stereo analysis, active stereo analysis (usestexture added to the scene by light from the illuminator 140), someother technique to determine depth of a scene, or some combinationthereof.

The audio system provides audio content. The audio system includes atransducer array, a sensor array, and an audio controller 150. However,in other embodiments, the audio system may include different and/oradditional components. Similarly, in some cases, functionality describedwith reference to the components of the audio system can be distributedamong the components in a different manner than is described here. Forexample, some or all of the functions of the controller may be performedby a remote server.

The transducer array presents sound to user. The transducer arrayincludes a plurality of transducers and an adjustable transducerassembly 170 for one or both temples of the frame 110. A transducer maybe a speaker or a tissue transducer 160 (e.g., a bone conductiontransducer or a cartilage conduction transducer). In some embodiments,instead of individual speakers for each ear, the headset 100 includes aspeaker array comprising multiple speakers integrated into the frame 110to improve directionality of presented audio content. The tissuetransducer 160 couples to the head of the user and directly vibratestissue (e.g., bone or cartilage) of the user to generate sound. Thenumber and/or locations of transducers may be different from what isshown in FIG. 1 .

The adjustable transducer assembly 170 is configured to position thetissue transducer 160 in a location suitable for tissue transductionregardless of the size and shape of a user's head. The adjustabletransducer assembly 170 is configured to translate forwards andbackwards along the temples of the frame 110. The adjustable transducerassembly 170 includes a transducer, such as a speaker, a cartilagetransducer, or a bone transducer. The adjustable transducer assembly 170may be biased in a rearward position, such as by a spring. In responseto a user putting on the headset 100, the adjustable transducer assembly170 is configured to contact a portion of the ear of the user. Thecontact between the ear and the adjustable transducer assembly 170 maycause the adjustable transducer assembly 170 to translate in a forwarddirection along the temples toward the hinge between the temples and theportion of the frame 110 containing the display element 120.

In some embodiments, the adjustable transducer assembly 170 may comprisea motor. The adjustable transducer assembly 170 may initially be locatedin a forward position. In the forward position, the adjustabletransducer assembly 170 is capable of moving in the rearward directiontoward the curved end of the temples. After putting on the headset 100,the user may press a button, speak a command, or otherwise instruct themotor to drive the adjustable transducer assembly 170 rearward towardthe curved end of the temples. Once the adjustable transducer assembly170 contacts the ear of the user, the adjustable transducer assembly 170may instruct the motor to stop driving the adjustable transducerassembly 170, and the adjustable transducer assembly 170 may remain incontact with the user's ear.

In some embodiments, the adjustable transducer assembly 170 may use aclosed-loop feedback system to instruct the motor to stop driving theadjustable transducer assembly 170. In such embodiments, a force sensor(or touch sensor) may be placed within the carriage to monitor thepreloading from the carriage on the helix root. As the carriage reachesthe helix root, the closed-loop feedback system may constantly monitorfor changes in the sensed signal from the force sensor. In response tothe carriage reaching the helix root, the closed-loop feedback systemdetects a change in the sensed force signal, and the closed-loopfeedback system may determine that the carriage is in contact with thehelix root. In some embodiments, the closed-loop feedback system willensure that the preloading from the carriage to the helix root of theuser is within a target preloading value.

The adjustable transducer assembly 170 positions its transducer in atarget area relative to the location of the user's ear. For example, theadjustable transducer assembly 170 may position a cartilage conductiontransducer in contact with a tragus of the user's ear, or the adjustabletransducer assembly 170 may position a bone conduction transduceragainst the user's face in a location forward of the tragus, or theadjustable transducer assembly 170 may position a speaker near or withinthe ear canal of the user's ear.

The sensor array detects sounds within the local area of the headset100. The sensor array includes a plurality of acoustic sensors 180. Anacoustic sensor 180 captures sounds emitted from one or more soundsources in the local area (e.g., a room). Each acoustic sensor isconfigured to detect sound and convert the detected sound into anelectronic format (analog or digital). The acoustic sensors 180 may beacoustic wave sensors, microphones, sound transducers, or similarsensors that are suitable for detecting sounds.

In some embodiments, one or more acoustic sensors 180 may be placed inan ear canal of each ear (e.g., acting as binaural microphones). In someembodiments, the acoustic sensors 180 may be placed on an exteriorsurface of the headset 100, placed on or in the adjustable transducerassembly 170, placed on an interior surface of the headset 100, separatefrom the headset 100 (e.g., part of some other device), or somecombination thereof. The number and/or locations of acoustic sensors 180may be different from what is shown in FIG. 1 . For example, the numberof acoustic detection locations may be increased to increase the amountof audio information collected and the sensitivity and/or accuracy ofthe information. The acoustic detection locations may be oriented suchthat the microphone is able to detect sounds in a wide range ofdirections surrounding the user wearing the headset 100.

The audio controller 150 processes information from the sensor arraythat describes sounds detected by the sensor array. The audio controller150 may comprise a processor and a computer-readable storage medium. Theaudio controller 150 may be configured to generate direction of arrival(DOA) estimates, generate acoustic transfer functions (e.g., arraytransfer functions and/or head-related transfer functions), track thelocation of sound sources, form beams in the direction of sound sources,classify sound sources, generate sound filters for the speakers, or somecombination thereof. The audio controller 150 provides instructions tothe adjustable transducer assembly 170 to generate sounds for the user.

The position sensor 190 generates one or more measurement signals inresponse to motion of the headset 100. The position sensor 190 may belocated on a portion of the frame 110 of the headset 100. The positionsensor 190 may include an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Examples ofposition sensor 190 include: one or more accelerometers, one or moregyroscopes, one or more magnetometers, another suitable type of sensorthat detects motion, a type of sensor used for error correction of theIMU, or some combination thereof. The position sensor 190 may be locatedexternal to the IMU, internal to the IMU, or some combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the headset 100 may provide for simultaneouslocalization and mapping (SLAM) for a position of the headset 100 andupdating of a model of the local area. For example, the headset 100 mayinclude a passive camera assembly (PCA) that generates color image data.The PCA may include one or more RGB cameras that capture images of someor all of the local area. In some embodiments, some or all of theimaging devices 130 of the DCA may also function as the PCA. The imagescaptured by the PCA and the depth information determined by the DCA maybe used to determine parameters of the local area, generate a model ofthe local area, update a model of the local area, or some combinationthereof. Furthermore, the position sensor 190 tracks the position (e.g.,location and pose) of the headset 100 within the room. Additionaldetails regarding the components are described with respect to FIG. 6 .

FIG. 2A is a side view of a headset 200 with an adjustable transducerassembly 205 in a rearward position, in accordance with one or moreembodiments. The headset 200 may be an embodiment of the headset 100 ofFIG. 1 . The adjustable transducer assembly 205 may be an embodiment ofthe adjustable transducer assembly 170 of FIG. 1 . The adjustabletransducer assembly 205 is biased in a rearward direction (x-direction)to the rearward position. In the rearward position, the adjustabletransducer assembly 205 is capable of translating in the forwarddirection (negative x-direction). In some embodiments, the rearwardposition is the farthest position that the adjustable transducerassembly 205 can travel in the positive x-direction. The adjustabletransducer assembly 205 is configured to remain in the rearward positionabsent an external force (e.g. a contact force, magnetic force, etc.) onthe adjustable transducer assembly 205.

The adjustable transducer assembly 205 comprises a carriage 210configured to translate along a temple 225 of the headset 200. In someembodiments, the carriage 210 may circumscribe the temple 225. In otherembodiments, a portion of the carriage 210 may be located at leastpartially within the temple 225.

The adjustable transducer assembly comprises an indexing feature 215configured to orient a transducer 220 relative to the ear of a user. Theindexing feature 215 is configured to contact the helix root 230 of theuser's ear 235. The helix root 230 is the portion of the ear 235 wherethe helix 240 meets the user's head. The indexing feature 215 maycomprise a body 245 and a flange 250. The flange 250 may extend in arearward direction from the body 245. The flange 250 may be the portionof the indexing feature 215 that is configured to contact the helix root230. The body 245 and the flange 250 may be a single monolithiccomponent. In some embodiments, the body 245 and the flange 250 may bedistinct components coupled together by a fastener. The body 245 may berotatably coupled to the carriage 210. The body 245 may be configured torotate in the xy-plane. The body 245 may be coupled to the carriage 210at a pivot 255. In some embodiments, the body 245 may rotate relative tothe carriage 210 at pivot 255 in response to a torque about the pivot255 which overcomes a friction force between the pivot 255 and the body245 and carriage 210. In other embodiments, the pivot 255 may comprise abrake mechanism which prevents the body 245 from rotating relative tothe carriage 210, and a user may disengage the brake mechanism, such asby pressing a finger against the pivot 255, to rotate the indexingfeature 215 if desired.

The transducer 220 may be coupled to the indexing feature 215. Thetransducer 220 may be a tissue transducer, such as a cartilageconduction transducer or a bone conduction transducer. The transducer220 is configured to provide audio content via tissue conduction to atarget area. For example, the transducer 220 may be configured tocontact the tragus 260 of the user's ear in order to present sound tothe user via cartilage conduction. The transducer 220 may be rotatablycoupled to the indexing feature 215 at a hinge 265. The transducer 220may be configured to rotate in the yz-plane. The hinge 265 may comprisea spring or other mechanism configured to bias the transducer 220against the head of the user (e.g., in the negative z-direction.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the headset 200 is positioned on the head of theuser such that the indexing feature 215 is in contact with the helixroot 230 of the user's ear. However, the headset 200 is not fully inplace on the user's head, as evidenced by the separation between thefront portion 270 and the bridge of the user's nose 275.

FIG. 2B is a side view of the headset 200 in the operating position onthe user's head. The operating position is the position in which theuser would typically use the headset 200 in its intended manner, such asto view artificial reality content and/or listen to audio contentpresented by the headset 200. Relative to the position of the headset200 shown in FIG. 2A, the headset 200 in FIG. 2B has been moved in therearward (x-direction), and the front portion 270 of the headset 200 isresting on the bridge of the user's nose 275.

As the user moves the headset from the position shown in FIG. 2A in therearward (x-direction) into the operating position shown in FIG. 2B, thehelix root 230 applies a contact force on the indexing feature 215 inthe positive x-direction. The adjustable transducer assembly 205 isbiased in the rearward direction (x-direction) by a biasing mechanism,such as by a spring 280. The spring 280 may be a helical spring locatedrearward of the carriage 210 and operating as an extension spring. Inother embodiments, the spring 280 may be located forward of the carriage210 and operate as a compression spring. In response to the contactforce on the indexing feature 215 in the negative x-direction exceedingthe spring force on the indexing feature in the positive x-direction,the carriage 210 translates forward (negative x-direction) relative tothe temple 225. The spring force may be strong enough to maintain theadjustable transducer assembly 205 in the rearward position absent anexternal force on the adjustable transducer assembly 205, yet weakenough to allow the headset 200 to remain in the operating positionwithout forcing the front portion 270 of the headset 200 away from thebridge of the user's nose 275. In some embodiments, the spring constantmay be between 20-40 N/m, or between 5-50 N/m.

In alternate embodiments, the adjustable transducer assembly 205 maycomprise a motor. The adjustable transducer assembly 205 may initiallybe located in a forward position. After putting on the headset 200, theuser may press a button, speak a command, or otherwise instruct themotor to drive the carriage 210 rearward. Once the indexing feature 215contacts the ear 235 of the user, the adjustable transducer assembly 205may instruct the motor to stop driving the carriage 210, and theindexing feature 215 may remain in contact with the user's ear. In someembodiments, the motor may detect a force as a result of the contactbetween the indexing feature 215 and the helix root 230, and in responseto the force exceeding a threshold force, the motor may stop driving thecarriage in the rearward direction. The indexing feature 215 maycomprise a sensor configured to detect pressure from the ear 235 ordetect proximity to the ear 235.

In the operating position, the transducer 220 is in contact with thetragus 260. Thus, the transducer 220 is in position for cartilageconduction using the tragus 260. The position of the transducer 220 (inthe xy-plane) is fixed relative to the position of the indexing feature215. The distance between the helix root 230 and the tragus 260 fordifferent humans is much less variable than the distance between thetragus 260 and the bridge of the nose 275. By positioning the transducer220 relative to the location of the helix root 230 using the adjustabletransducer assembly 205, the transducer 220 is more consistently locatedadjacent to the tragus 260 as compared to headsets which do not includean adjustable transducer assembly.

FIG. 2C illustrates a side view of the headset 200 in the operatingposition with the transducer 220 configured for bone conduction in acondoyle position. In some embodiments, the transducer 220 may be a boneconduction transducer, or the transducer 220 may comprise both a boneconduction transducer and a cartilage conduction transducer. Relative tothe position of the adjustable transducer assembly 205 shown in FIG. 2B,the adjustable transducer assembly 205 has been rotated in a clockwisedirection about the pivot 255. As shown in FIG. 2C, the transducer 220is in contact (via the skin of the user) with a condoyle of a bone inthe user's head. In some embodiments, the user may physically rotate theadjustable transducer assembly 205 using the user's hand. In otherembodiments, the headset 200 may comprise a motor which rotates theadjustable transducer assembly 205 about the pivot 255, and the headset200 may rotate the adjustable transducer assembly 205 in response to acommand from the user, or in response to the headset determining thatthe audio system of the headset 200 is in a bone conduction mode. Thetransducer 220 is located forward (negative x-direction) of the tragus260, such as between 0.5-1.0 cm forward of the tragus. The transducer220 is configured to produce sound for the user via bone conduction bytransmitting energy through a bone of the user's head, such as a portionof the skull.

FIG. 3A illustrates a side view of a headset 300 with an adjustabletransducer assembly 305 in a rearward position, in accordance with oneor more embodiments. The headset 300 may be an embodiment of the headset100 of FIG. 1 . The adjustable transducer assembly 305 may be anembodiment of the adjustable transducer assembly 170 of FIG. 1 . Theadjustable transducer assembly 305 operates in substantially the sameway as the adjustable transducer assembly 205 of FIG. 2A-2C. However,the size and shape of the adjustable transducer assembly 305 isdifferent than the adjustable transducer assembly 205.

The carriage 310 comprises a curved shape, generally forming a segmentof a circle. A portion of the carriage 310 may be located at leastpartially within the temple 325. The indexing feature 315 may be asurface of the carriage 310, such as the rear surface of the carriage310. The transducer 320 may be located within or coupled to the carriage310. As shown in FIG. 3A, the headset 300 is positioned on the head ofthe user such that the indexing feature 315 is in contact with the helixroot 330 of the user's ear. However, the headset 300 is not fully inplace on the user's head, as evidenced by the separation between thefront portion 370 and the bridge of the user's nose 375.

FIG. 3B is a side view of the headset 300 in the operating position onthe user's head. Relative to the position of the headset 300 shown inFIG. 3A, the headset 300 in FIG. 3B has been moved in the rearward(x-direction), and the front portion 370 of the headset 300 is restingon the bridge of the user's nose 375.

As the user moves the headset from the position shown in FIG. 3A in therearward direction (x-direction) into the operating position shown inFIG. 3B, the helix root 330 applies a contact force on the indexingfeature 315 in the positive x-direction. In the operating position, thetransducer 320 is in contact with the tragus 360. Thus, the transducer320 is in the position for cartilage conduction using the tragus 360.The position of the transducer 320 (in the xy-plane) is fixed relativeto the position of the indexing feature 315.

In some embodiments, the transducer 320 may comprise a malleabletube/pipe that carries acoustic waves from the transducer assembly 305to the opening of the ear canal. The transducer 320 may comprise an airconduction transducer, or microspeaker (or array of speakers) embeddedinside the adjustable transducer assembly 305 that create air-conductedsound. The malleable tube/pipe may be adjusted, such that air conductedsound can be delivered to the opening of the ear-canal with minimaladjustment.

In some embodiments, the adjustable transducer assembly 305 may comprisea an acoustic sensor 365, such as a microphone. The acoustic sensor 365may be used to collect real-time signals at any time. A control systemmay create corresponding filters based on the detected sound using theacoustic sensor 365 and make sure that the user will always receive atarget curve. Typically, a flat curve at the opening of the ear-canalcan be considered as a target curve.

FIG. 3C illustrates a side view of the headset 300 in the operatingposition with the transducer 320 configured for bone conduction.Relative to the position of the adjustable transducer assembly 305 shownin FIG. 3B, the adjustable transducer assembly 305 has been rotated in aclockwise direction. The transducer 320 is located forward (negativex-direction) of the tragus 360, such as between 0.5-1.0 cm forward ofthe tragus. The transducer 320 is configured to produce sound for theuser via bone conduction by transmitting energy through a bone of theuser's head, such as a portion of the skull.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an audio system 400, in accordance with oneor more embodiments. The audio system in FIG. 1 may be an embodiment ofthe audio system 400. The audio system 400 generates one or moreacoustic transfer functions for a user. The audio system 400 may thenuse the one or more acoustic transfer functions to generate audiocontent for the user. In the embodiment of FIG. 4 , the audio system 400includes a transducer array 410, a sensor array 420, and an audiocontroller 430. Some embodiments of the audio system 400 have differentcomponents than those described here. Similarly, in some cases,functions can be distributed among the components in a different mannerthan is described here.

The transducer array 410 is configured to present audio content. Thetransducer array 410 includes a plurality of transducers. A transduceris a device that provides audio content. A transducer may be, e.g., aspeaker, a tissue transducer (e.g., the tissue transducer 160), someother device that provides audio content, or some combination thereof. Atissue transducer may be configured to function as a bone conductiontransducer or a cartilage conduction transducer. The transducer array410 may present audio content via air conduction (e.g., via one or morespeakers), via bone conduction (via one or more bone conductiontransducer), via cartilage conduction audio system (via one or morecartilage conduction transducers), or some combination thereof. In someembodiments, the transducer array 410 may include one or moretransducers to cover different parts of a frequency range. For example,a moving coil transducer may be used to cover a first part of afrequency range and a piezoelectric transducer may be used to cover asecond part of a frequency range.

The bone conduction transducers generate acoustic pressure waves byvibrating bone/tissue in the user's head. A bone conduction transducermay be coupled to a portion of a headset, and may be configured to bebehind the auricle coupled to a portion of the user's skull. The boneconduction transducer receives vibration instructions from the audiocontroller 430, and vibrates a portion of the user's skull based on thereceived instructions. The vibrations from the bone conductiontransducer generate a tissue-borne acoustic pressure wave thatpropagates toward the user's cochlea, bypassing the eardrum.

The cartilage conduction transducers generate acoustic pressure waves byvibrating one or more portions of the auricular cartilage of the ears ofthe user. A cartilage conduction transducer may be coupled to a portionof a headset, and may be configured to be coupled to one or moreportions of the auricular cartilage of the ear. For example, thecartilage conduction transducer may couple to the back of an auricle ofthe ear of the user. The cartilage conduction transducer may be locatedanywhere along the auricular cartilage around the outer ear (e.g., thepinna, the tragus, some other portion of the auricular cartilage, orsome combination thereof). Vibrating the one or more portions ofauricular cartilage may generate: airborne acoustic pressure wavesoutside the ear canal; tissue born acoustic pressure waves that causesome portions of the ear canal to vibrate thereby generating an airborneacoustic pressure wave within the ear canal; or some combinationthereof. The generated airborne acoustic pressure waves propagate downthe ear canal toward the ear drum.

The transducer array 410 generates audio content in accordance withinstructions from the audio controller 430. In some embodiments, theaudio content is spatialized. Spatialized audio content is audio contentthat appears to originate from a particular direction and/or targetregion (e.g., an object in the local area and/or a virtual object). Forexample, spatialized audio content can make it appear that sound isoriginating from a virtual singer across a room from a user of the audiosystem 400. The transducer array 410 may be coupled to a wearable device(e.g., the headset 100). In alternate embodiments, the transducer array410 may be a plurality of speakers that are separate from the wearabledevice (e.g., coupled to an external console).

The transducer array 410 includes an adjustable transducer assembly,such as the adjustable transducer assembly 170 of FIG. 1 . Theadjustable transducer assembly is configured to translate forwards andbackwards along the temples of the frame. The adjustable transducerassembly includes a transducer, such as a speaker, a cartilagetransducer, or a bone transducer. The adjustable transducer assembly maybe biased in a rearward position, such as by a spring. In response to auser putting on the headset, the adjustable transducer assembly isconfigured to contact a portion of the ear of the user. The contactbetween the ear and the adjustable transducer assembly may cause theadjustable transducer assembly to translate in the forward directionalong the temples.

In some embodiments, the adjustable transducer assembly may comprise amotor. The adjustable transducer assembly 170 may initially be locatedin a forward position. After putting on the headset, the user may pressa button, speak a command, or otherwise instruct the motor to drive theadjustable transducer assembly rearward. Once the adjustable transducerassembly contacts the ear of the user, the adjustable transducerassembly may instruct the motor to stop driving the adjustabletransducer assembly, and the adjustable transducer assembly may remainin contact with the user's ear.

The adjustable transducer assembly positions its transducer in a targetarea relative to the location of the user's ear. For example, theadjustable transducer assembly may position a cartilage conductiontransducer in contact with a tragus of the user's ear, or the adjustabletransducer assembly may position a bone conduction transducer againstthe user's face in a location forward of the tragus, or the adjustabletransducer assembly may position a speaker near or within the ear canalof the user's ear.

The sensor array 420 detects sounds within a local area surrounding thesensor array 420. The sensor array 420 may include a plurality ofacoustic sensors that each detect air pressure variations of a soundwave and convert the detected sounds into an electronic format (analogor digital). The plurality of acoustic sensors may be positioned on aheadset (e.g., headset 100), on a user (e.g., in an ear canal of theuser), on a neckband, or some combination thereof. An acoustic sensormay be, e.g., a microphone, a vibration sensor, an accelerometer, or anycombination thereof. In some embodiments, the sensor array 420 isconfigured to monitor the audio content generated by the transducerarray 410 using at least some of the plurality of acoustic sensors.Increasing the number of sensors may improve the accuracy of information(e.g., directionality) describing a sound field produced by thetransducer array 410 and/or sound from the local area.

The audio controller 430 controls operation of the audio system 400. Inthe embodiment of FIG. 4 , the audio controller 430 includes a datastore 435, a DOA estimation module 440, a transfer function module 450,a tracking module 460, a beamforming module 470, and a sound filtermodule 480. The audio controller 430 may be located inside a headset, insome embodiments. Some embodiments of the audio controller 430 havedifferent components than those described here. Similarly, functions canbe distributed among the components in different manners than describedhere. For example, some functions of the controller may be performedexternal to the headset.

The data store 435 stores data for use by the audio system 400. Data inthe data store 435 may include sounds recorded in the local area of theaudio system 400, audio content, head-related transfer functions(HRTFs), transfer functions for one or more sensors, array transferfunctions (ATFs) for one or more of the acoustic sensors, sound sourcelocations, virtual model of local area, direction of arrival estimates,sound filters, and other data relevant for use by the audio system 400,or any combination thereof.

The DOA estimation module 440 is configured to localize sound sources inthe local area based in part on information from the sensor array 420.Localization is a process of determining where sound sources are locatedrelative to the user of the audio system 400. The DOA estimation module440 performs a DOA analysis to localize one or more sound sources withinthe local area. The DOA analysis may include analyzing the intensity,spectra, and/or arrival time of each sound at the sensor array 420 todetermine the direction from which the sounds originated. In some cases,the DOA analysis may include any suitable algorithm for analyzing asurrounding acoustic environment in which the audio system 400 islocated.

For example, the DOA analysis may be designed to receive input signalsfrom the sensor array 420 and apply digital signal processing algorithmsto the input signals to estimate a direction of arrival. Thesealgorithms may include, for example, delay and sum algorithms where theinput signal is sampled, and the resulting weighted and delayed versionsof the sampled signal are averaged together to determine a DOA. A leastmean squared (LMS) algorithm may also be implemented to create anadaptive filter. This adaptive filter may then be used to identifydifferences in signal intensity, for example, or differences in time ofarrival. These differences may then be used to estimate the DOA. Inanother embodiment, the DOA may be determined by converting the inputsignals into the frequency domain and selecting specific bins within thetime-frequency (TF) domain to process. Each selected TF bin may beprocessed to determine whether that bin includes a portion of the audiospectrum with a direct path audio signal. Those bins having a portion ofthe direct-path signal may then be analyzed to identify the angle atwhich the sensor array 420 received the direct-path audio signal. Thedetermined angle may then be used to identify the DOA for the receivedinput signal. Other algorithms not listed above may also be used aloneor in combination with the above algorithms to determine DOA.

In some embodiments, the DOA estimation module 440 may also determinethe DOA with respect to an absolute position of the audio system 400within the local area. The position of the sensor array 420 may bereceived from an external system (e.g., some other component of aheadset, an artificial reality console, a mapping server, a positionsensor (e.g., the position sensor 190), etc.). The external system maycreate a virtual model of the local area, in which the local area andthe position of the audio system 400 are mapped. The received positioninformation may include a location and/or an orientation of some or allof the audio system 400 (e.g., of the sensor array 420). The DOAestimation module 440 may update the estimated DOA based on the receivedposition information.

The transfer function module 450 is configured to generate one or moreacoustic transfer functions. Generally, a transfer function is amathematical function giving a corresponding output value for eachpossible input value. Based on parameters of the detected sounds, thetransfer function module 450 generates one or more acoustic transferfunctions associated with the audio system. The acoustic transferfunctions may be array transfer functions (ATFs), head-related transferfunctions (HRTFs), other types of acoustic transfer functions, or somecombination thereof. An ATF characterizes how the microphone receives asound from a point in space.

An ATF includes a number of transfer functions that characterize arelationship between the sound source and the corresponding soundreceived by the acoustic sensors in the sensor array 420. Accordingly,for a sound source there is a corresponding transfer function for eachof the acoustic sensors in the sensor array 420. And collectively theset of transfer functions is referred to as an ATF. Accordingly, foreach sound source there is a corresponding ATF. Note that the soundsource may be, e.g., someone or something generating sound in the localarea, the user, or one or more transducers of the transducer array 410.The ATF for a particular sound source location relative to the sensorarray 420 may differ from user to user due to a person's anatomy (e.g.,ear shape, shoulders, etc.) that affects the sound as it travels to theperson's ears. Accordingly, the ATFs of the sensor array 420 arepersonalized for each user of the audio system 400.

In some embodiments, the transfer function module 450 determines one ormore HRTFs for a user of the audio system 400. The HRTF characterizeshow an ear receives a sound from a point in space. The HRTF for aparticular source location relative to a person is unique to each ear ofthe person (and is unique to the person) due to the person's anatomy(e.g., ear shape, shoulders, etc.) that affects the sound as it travelsto the person's ears. In some embodiments, the transfer function module450 may determine HRTFs for the user using a calibration process. Insome embodiments, the transfer function module 450 may provideinformation about the user to a remote system. The remote systemdetermines a set of HRTFs that are customized to the user using, e.g.,machine learning, and provides the customized set of HRTFs to the audiosystem 400.

The tracking module 460 is configured to track locations of one or moresound sources. The tracking module 460 may compare current DOA estimatesand compare them with a stored history of previous DOA estimates. Insome embodiments, the audio system 400 may recalculate DOA estimates ona periodic schedule, such as once per second, or once per millisecond.The tracking module may compare the current DOA estimates with previousDOA estimates, and in response to a change in a DOA estimate for a soundsource, the tracking module 460 may determine that the sound sourcemoved. In some embodiments, the tracking module 460 may detect a changein location based on visual information received from the headset orsome other external source. The tracking module 460 may track themovement of one or more sound sources over time. The tracking module 460may store values for a number of sound sources and a location of eachsound source at each point in time. In response to a change in a valueof the number or locations of the sound sources, the tracking module 460may determine that a sound source moved. The tracking module 460 maycalculate an estimate of the localization variance. The localizationvariance may be used as a confidence level for each determination of achange in movement.

The beamforming module 470 is configured to process one or more ATFs toselectively emphasize sounds from sound sources within a certain areawhile de-emphasizing sounds from other areas. In analyzing soundsdetected by the sensor array 420, the beamforming module 470 may combineinformation from different acoustic sensors to emphasize soundassociated from a particular region of the local area whiledeemphasizing sound that is from outside of the region. The beamformingmodule 470 may isolate an audio signal associated with sound from aparticular sound source from other sound sources in the local area basedon, e.g., different DOA estimates from the DOA estimation module 440 andthe tracking module 460. The beamforming module 470 may thus selectivelyanalyze discrete sound sources in the local area. In some embodiments,the beamforming module 470 may enhance a signal from a sound source. Forexample, the beamforming module 470 may apply sound filters whicheliminate signals above, below, or between certain frequencies. Signalenhancement acts to enhance sounds associated with a given identifiedsound source relative to other sounds detected by the sensor array 420.

The sound filter module 480 determines sound filters for the transducerarray 410. In some embodiments, the sound filters cause the audiocontent to be spatialized, such that the audio content appears tooriginate from a target region. The sound filter module 480 may useHRTFs and/or acoustic parameters to generate the sound filters. Theacoustic parameters describe acoustic properties of the local area. Theacoustic parameters may include, e.g., a reverberation time, areverberation level, a room impulse response, etc. In some embodiments,the sound filter module 480 calculates one or more of the acousticparameters. In some embodiments, the sound filter module 480 requeststhe acoustic parameters from a mapping server (e.g., as described belowwith regard to FIG. 6 ).

The sound filter module 480 provides the sound filters to the transducerarray 410. In some embodiments, the sound filters may cause positive ornegative amplification of sounds as a function of frequency.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method 500 for providing audio content usingan adjustable transducer assembly, in accordance with one or moreembodiments. The process shown in FIG. 5 may be performed usingcomponents of headset, such as an audio system (e.g., audio system 400).Other entities may perform some or all of the steps in FIG. 5 in otherembodiments. Embodiments may include different and/or additional steps,or perform the steps in different orders. The headset may be an AR or VRheadset configured to provide audio content to the user. The headsetincludes an adjustable transducer assembly. The adjustable transducerassembly comprises a carriage, and indexing feature, and a tissuetransducer. The adjustable transducer assembly is configured totranslate along a temple of the headset.

The headset translates 510 the adjustable transducer assembly along thetemple of the headset. The headset may translate the adjustabletransducer assembly in response to the user placing the headset on theuser's head. In some embodiments, the adjustable transducer assembly maytranslate using a motor which drives the adjustable transducer assemblyalong the headset. In other embodiments, the user may apply a contactforce to the adjustable transducer assembly using a body part of theuser, such as the helix root of the user's ear, which causes theadjustable transducer assembly to translate along the temple.

The headset contacts 520 a helix root of the user's ear with an indexingfeature on the adjustable transducer assembly. In some embodiments, theindexing feature may contact the helix root prior to translating theadjustable transducer assembly, and the helix root of the user's ear mayremain in contact with the indexing feature after translating theadjustable transducer assembly. In other embodiments, the headset maytranslate the adjustable transducer assembly along the temple of theheadset until the indexing feature contacts the helix root.

The headset produces 530 audio content for the user via tissueconduction using the tissue transducer on the adjustable transducerassembly. The headset may present the audio content to the user usingcartilage and/or bone conduction. For example, the tissue transducer maybe a cartilage conduction transducer, and the cartilage conductiontransducer may provide audio content to the user by vibrating the tragusof the user's ear.

In embodiments utilizing binaural microphones at the entrance to theear-canal, an audio system may ensure that the target sound pressureoutput (sound pressure at the opening of the ear canal) is consistentwith a target curve. In some embodiments, a flat target curve may bedesired. However, the raw output of the tissue transducer is not alwaysflat; thus, the output may be equalized by the audio system.

FIG. 6 is a system 600 that includes a headset 605, in accordance withone or more embodiments. In some embodiments, the headset 605 may be theheadset 100 of FIG. 1 . The system 600 may operate in an artificialreality environment (e.g., a virtual reality environment, an augmentedreality environment, a mixed reality environment, or some combinationthereof). The system 600 shown by FIG. 6 includes the headset 605, aninput/output (I/O) interface 610 that is coupled to a console 615, thenetwork 620, and the mapping server 625. While FIG. 6 shows an examplesystem 600 including one headset 605 and one I/O interface 610, in otherembodiments any number of these components may be included in the system600. For example, there may be multiple headsets each having anassociated I/O interface 610, with each headset and I/O interface 610communicating with the console 615. In alternative configurations,different and/or additional components may be included in the system600. Additionally, functionality described in conjunction with one ormore of the components shown in FIG. 6 may be distributed among thecomponents in a different manner than described in conjunction with FIG.6 in some embodiments. For example, some or all of the functionality ofthe console 615 may be provided by the headset 605.

The headset 605 includes the display assembly 630, an optics block 635,one or more position sensors 640, and the DCA 645. Some embodiments ofheadset 605 have different components than those described inconjunction with FIG. 6 . Additionally, the functionality provided byvarious components described in conjunction with FIG. 6 may bedifferently distributed among the components of the headset 605 in otherembodiments, or be captured in separate assemblies remote from theheadset 605.

The display assembly 630 displays content to the user in accordance withdata received from the console 615. The display assembly 630 displaysthe content using one or more display elements (e.g., the displayelements 120). A display element may be, e.g., an electronic display. Invarious embodiments, the display assembly 630 comprises a single displayelement or multiple display elements (e.g., a display for each eye of auser). Examples of an electronic display include: a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, anactive-matrix organic light-emitting diode display (AMOLED), a waveguidedisplay, some other display, or some combination thereof. Note in someembodiments, the display element 120 may also include some or all of thefunctionality of the optics block 635.

The optics block 635 may magnify image light received from theelectronic display, corrects optical errors associated with the imagelight, and presents the corrected image light to one or both eyeboxes ofthe headset 605. In various embodiments, the optics block 635 includesone or more optical elements. Example optical elements included in theoptics block 635 include: an aperture, a Fresnel lens, a convex lens, aconcave lens, a filter, a reflecting surface, or any other suitableoptical element that affects image light. Moreover, the optics block 635may include combinations of different optical elements. In someembodiments, one or more of the optical elements in the optics block 635may have one or more coatings, such as partially reflective oranti-reflective coatings.

Magnification and focusing of the image light by the optics block 635allows the electronic display to be physically smaller, weigh less, andconsume less power than larger displays. Additionally, magnification mayincrease the field of view of the content presented by the electronicdisplay. For example, the field of view of the displayed content is suchthat the displayed content is presented using almost all (e.g.,approximately 110 degrees diagonal), and in some cases all, of theuser's field of view. Additionally, in some embodiments, the amount ofmagnification may be adjusted by adding or removing optical elements.

In some embodiments, the optics block 635 may be designed to correct oneor more types of optical error. Examples of optical error include barrelor pincushion distortion, longitudinal chromatic aberrations, ortransverse chromatic aberrations. Other types of optical errors mayfurther include spherical aberrations, chromatic aberrations, or errorsdue to the lens field curvature, astigmatisms, or any other type ofoptical error. In some embodiments, content provided to the electronicdisplay for display is pre-distorted, and the optics block 635 correctsthe distortion when it receives image light from the electronic displaygenerated based on the content.

The position sensor 640 is an electronic device that generates dataindicating a position of the headset 605. The position sensor 640generates one or more measurement signals in response to motion of theheadset 605. The position sensor 190 is an embodiment of the positionsensor 640. Examples of a position sensor 640 include: one or more IMUs,one or more accelerometers, one or more gyroscopes, one or moremagnetometers, another suitable type of sensor that detects motion, orsome combination thereof. The position sensor 640 may include multipleaccelerometers to measure translational motion (forward/back, up/down,left/right) and multiple gyroscopes to measure rotational motion (e.g.,pitch, yaw, roll). In some embodiments, an IMU rapidly samples themeasurement signals and calculates the estimated position of the headset605 from the sampled data. For example, the IMU integrates themeasurement signals received from the accelerometers over time toestimate a velocity vector and integrates the velocity vector over timeto determine an estimated position of a reference point on the headset605. The reference point is a point that may be used to describe theposition of the headset 605. While the reference point may generally bedefined as a point in space, however, in practice the reference point isdefined as a point within the headset 605.

The DCA 645 generates depth information for a portion of the local area.The DCA includes one or more imaging devices and a DCA controller. TheDCA 645 may also include an illuminator. Operation and structure of theDCA 645 is described above with regard to FIG. 1 .

The audio system 650 provides audio content to a user of the headset605. The audio system 650 is similar to the audio system 400 describeabove. The audio system 650 may comprise one or acoustic sensors, one ormore transducers, and an audio controller. The audio system 650 includesan adjustable transducer assembly, such as the adjustable transducerassembly 170 of FIG. 1 . The adjustable transducer assembly isconfigured to translate forwards and backwards along the temples of theframe. The adjustable transducer assembly includes a transducer, such asa speaker, a cartilage transducer, or a bone transducer. The adjustabletransducer assembly may be biased in a rearward position, such as by aspring. In response to a user putting on the headset 605, the adjustabletransducer assembly is configured to contact a portion of the ear of theuser. The contact between the ear and the adjustable transducer assemblymay cause the adjustable transducer assembly to translate in the forwarddirection along the temples.

The audio system 650 may provide spatialized audio content to the user.In some embodiments, the audio system 650 may request acousticparameters from the mapping server 625 over the network 620. Theacoustic parameters describe one or more acoustic properties (e.g., roomimpulse response, a reverberation time, a reverberation level, etc.) ofthe local area. The audio system 650 may provide information describingat least a portion of the local area from e.g., the DCA 645 and/orlocation information for the headset 605 from the position sensor 640.The audio system 650 may generate one or more sound filters using one ormore of the acoustic parameters received from the mapping server 625,and use the sound filters to provide audio content to the user viatissue conduction using the adjustable transducer assembly.

The I/O interface 610 is a device that allows a user to send actionrequests and receive responses from the console 615. An action requestis a request to perform a particular action. For example, an actionrequest may be an instruction to start or end capture of image or videodata, or an instruction to perform a particular action within anapplication. The I/O interface 610 may include one or more inputdevices. Example input devices include: a keyboard, a mouse, a gamecontroller, or any other suitable device for receiving action requestsand communicating the action requests to the console 615. An actionrequest received by the I/O interface 610 is communicated to the console615, which performs an action corresponding to the action request. Insome embodiments, the I/O interface 610 includes an IMU that capturescalibration data indicating an estimated position of the I/O interface610 relative to an initial position of the I/O interface 610. In someembodiments, the I/O interface 610 may provide haptic feedback to theuser in accordance with instructions received from the console 615. Forexample, haptic feedback is provided when an action request is received,or the console 615 communicates instructions to the I/O interface 610causing the I/O interface 610 to generate haptic feedback when theconsole 615 performs an action.

The console 615 provides content to the headset 605 for processing inaccordance with information received from one or more of: the DCA 645,the headset 605, and the I/O interface 610. In the example shown in FIG.6 , the console 615 includes an application store 655, a tracking module660, and an engine 665. Some embodiments of the console 615 havedifferent modules or components than those described in conjunction withFIG. 6 . Similarly, the functions further described below may bedistributed among components of the console 615 in a different mannerthan described in conjunction with FIG. 6 . In some embodiments, thefunctionality discussed herein with respect to the console 615 may beimplemented in the headset 605, or a remote system.

The application store 655 stores one or more applications for executionby the console 615. An application is a group of instructions, that whenexecuted by a processor, generates content for presentation to the user.Content generated by an application may be in response to inputsreceived from the user via movement of the headset 605 or the I/Ointerface 610. Examples of applications include: gaming applications,conferencing applications, video playback applications, or othersuitable applications.

The tracking module 660 tracks movements of the headset 605 or of theI/O interface 610 using information from the DCA 645, the one or moreposition sensors 640, or some combination thereof. For example, thetracking module 660 determines a position of a reference point of theheadset 605 in a mapping of a local area based on information from theheadset 605. The tracking module 660 may also determine positions of anobject or virtual object. Additionally, in some embodiments, thetracking module 660 may use portions of data indicating a position ofthe headset 605 from the position sensor 640 as well as representationsof the local area from the DCA 645 to predict a future location of theheadset 605. The tracking module 660 provides the estimated or predictedfuture position of the headset 605 or the I/O interface 610 to theengine 665.

The engine 665 executes applications and receives position information,acceleration information, velocity information, predicted futurepositions, or some combination thereof, of the headset 605 from thetracking module 660. Based on the received information, the engine 665determines content to provide to the headset 605 for presentation to theuser. For example, if the received information indicates that the userhas looked to the left, the engine 665 generates content for the headset605 that mirrors the user's movement in a virtual local area or in alocal area augmenting the local area with additional content.Additionally, the engine 665 performs an action within an applicationexecuting on the console 615 in response to an action request receivedfrom the I/O interface 610 and provides feedback to the user that theaction was performed. The provided feedback may be visual or audiblefeedback via the headset 605 or haptic feedback via the I/O interface610.

The network 620 couples the headset 605 and/or the console 615 to themapping server 625. The network 620 may include any combination of localarea and/or wide area networks using both wireless and/or wiredcommunication systems. For example, the network 620 may include theInternet, as well as mobile telephone networks. In one embodiment, thenetwork 620 uses standard communications technologies and/or protocols.Hence, the network 620 may include links using technologies such asEthernet, 802.11, worldwide interoperability for microwave access(WiMAX), 2G/3G/4G mobile communications protocols, digital subscriberline (DSL), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), InfiniBand, PCI ExpressAdvanced Switching, etc. Similarly, the networking protocols used on thenetwork 620 can include multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), thetransmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), the UserDatagram Protocol (UDP), the hypertext transport protocol (HTTP), thesimple mail transfer protocol (SMTP), the file transfer protocol (FTP),etc. The data exchanged over the network 620 can be represented usingtechnologies and/or formats including image data in binary form (e.g.Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), hypertext markup language (HTML),extensible markup language (XML), etc. In addition, all or some of linkscan be encrypted using conventional encryption technologies such assecure sockets layer (SSL), transport layer security (TLS), virtualprivate networks (VPNs), Internet Protocol security (IPsec), etc.

The mapping server 625 may include a database that stores a virtualmodel describing a plurality of spaces, wherein one location in thevirtual model corresponds to a current configuration of a local area ofthe headset 605. The mapping server 625 receives, from the headset 605via the network 620, information describing at least a portion of thelocal area and/or location information for the local area. The mappingserver 625 determines, based on the received information and/or locationinformation, a location in the virtual model that is associated with thelocal area of the headset 605. The mapping server 625 determines (e.g.,retrieves) one or more acoustic parameters associated with the localarea, based in part on the determined location in the virtual model andany acoustic parameters associated with the determined location. Themapping server 625 may transmit the location of the local area and anyvalues of acoustic parameters associated with the local area to theheadset 605.

Additional Configuration Information

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been presented forillustration; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the patentrights to the precise forms disclosed. Persons skilled in the relevantart can appreciate that many modifications and variations are possibleconsidering the above disclosure.

Some portions of this description describe the embodiments in terms ofalgorithms and symbolic representations of operations on information.These algorithmic descriptions and representations are commonly used bythose skilled in the data processing arts to convey the substance oftheir work effectively to others skilled in the art. These operations,while described functionally, computationally, or logically, areunderstood to be implemented by computer programs or equivalentelectrical circuits, microcode, or the like. Furthermore, it has alsoproven convenient at times, to refer to these arrangements of operationsas modules, without loss of generality. The described operations andtheir associated modules may be embodied in software, firmware,hardware, or any combinations thereof.

Any of the steps, operations, or processes described herein may beperformed or implemented with one or more hardware or software modules,alone or in combination with other devices. In one embodiment, asoftware module is implemented with a computer program productcomprising a computer-readable medium containing computer program code,which can be executed by a computer processor for performing any or allthe steps, operations, or processes described.

Embodiments may also relate to an apparatus for performing theoperations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for therequired purposes, and/or it may comprise a general-purpose computingdevice selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer programstored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in anon-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium, or any typeof media suitable for storing electronic instructions, which may becoupled to a computer system bus. Furthermore, any computing systemsreferred to in the specification may include a single processor or maybe architectures employing multiple processor designs for increasedcomputing capability.

Embodiments may also relate to a product that is produced by a computingprocess described herein. Such a product may comprise informationresulting from a computing process, where the information is stored on anon-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium and mayinclude any embodiment of a computer program product or other datacombination described herein.

Finally, the language used in the specification has been principallyselected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not havebeen selected to delineate or circumscribe the patent rights. It istherefore intended that the scope of the patent rights be limited not bythis detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on anapplication based hereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of the embodimentsis intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of thepatent rights, which is set forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An adjustable transducer assembly comprising: atissue transducer configured to provide audio content to a user of aheadset; a motor; a carriage, driven by the motor, configured totranslate along a temple of the headset, the carriage coupled to thetissue transducer and including an indexing feature, wherein theindexing feature is configured to translate with the carriage along thetemple in a direction toward a rear portion of the headset until theindexing feature contacts a helix root of an ear of the user; and aclosed-loop feedback system, in response to the indexing featurecontacting the helix root of the ear, configured to cause the motor tostop driving the carriage such that the indexing feature is positionedagainst the helix root and the tissue transducer is positioned toprovide the audio content via tissue conduction to a target area.
 2. Theadjustable transducer assembly of claim 1, wherein the motor is furtherconfigured to position the tissue transducer based on an input from theuser.
 3. The adjustable transducer assembly of claim 1, wherein thetissue transducer comprises a cartilage conduction transducer, andwherein the target area is a tragus of the ear of the user.
 4. Theadjustable transducer assembly of claim 1, wherein the indexing featureis rotatably coupled to the carriage.
 5. The adjustable transducerassembly of claim 1, wherein the tissue transducer is located at leastpartially within the carriage.
 6. The adjustable transducer assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the tissue transducer is coupled to the indexingfeature via a hinge.
 7. The adjustable transducer assembly of claim 1,wherein in response to an input, the tissue transducer is configured tomove from a cartilage conduction position to a bone conduction position,or from the bone conduction position to the cartilage conductionposition.
 8. A headset comprising: a frame including a temple; anadjustable transducer assembly coupled to the temple, the adjustabletransducer assembly comprising: a tissue transducer configured toprovide audio content to a user of a headset, a motor, a carriage,driven by the motor, configured to translate along a temple of theheadset, the carriage coupled to the tissue transducer and including anindexing feature, wherein the indexing feature is configured totranslate with the carriage along the temple in a direction toward arear portion of the headset until the indexing feature contacts a helixroot of an ear of the user, and a closed-loop feedback system, inresponse to the indexing feature contacting the helix root of the ear,configured to cause the motor to stop driving the carriage such that theindexing feature is positioned against the helix root and the tissuetransducer is positioned to provide the audio content via tissueconduction to a target area.
 9. The headset of claim 8, wherein thetissue transducer comprises a cartilage conduction transducer, andwherein the target area is a tragus of the ear of the user.
 10. Theheadset of claim 8, wherein the motor is further configured to drive thecarriage along the temple.
 11. The headset of claim 8, wherein theindexing feature is rotatably coupled to the carriage.
 12. The headsetof claim 8, wherein the tissue transducer is located at least partiallywithin the carriage.
 13. The headset of claim 8, wherein the tissuetransducer is coupled to the indexing feature via a hinge.
 14. Theheadset of claim 8, wherein in response to an input from the user, thetissue transducer is configured to move from a cartilage conductionposition to a bone conduction position.
 15. A headset comprising: aframe including a temple; a motor; a carriage, driven by the motor,configured to translate along the temple in a direction toward a rearportion of the headset until the carriage contacts a helix root of anear of a user; a closed-loop feedback system, in response to thecarriage contacting the helix root of the ear, configured to cause themotor to stop driving the carriage; and a cartilage conductiontransducer coupled to the carriage, wherein the cartilage conductiontransducer is configured to contact a tragus of the user.
 16. Theheadset of claim 15, further comprising an indexing feature configuredto contact the helix root.
 17. The headset of claim 16, wherein adistance between the indexing feature and the cartilage conductiontransducer is fixed.
 18. The headset of claim 16, wherein the cartilageconduction transducer is coupled to the indexing feature via a hinge.